Diabetes is a chronic disease in which blood glucose, or blood sugar levels, are too high. Glucose comes from the food we eat. Insulin is a hormone that helps glucose get into cells to give them energy. Type 1 diabetes most commonly develops as an autoimmune response in children or young adults resulting in the body not making enough insulin. Type 2 diabetes develops in adults and can cause the body to be unable to make or use insulin well. Without enough insulin, glucose stays in the blood raising blood sugar levels.
The prevalence of diabetes continues to rise each year making diabetes a significant public health issue. Left untreated or uncontrolled, diabetes can increase the risk of other serious health conditions such as damage to the heart, blood vessels, kidneys, nerves, eyes, and feet. Diabetes can also increase the risk of skin infections and gum disease.
Physical activity along with a balanced, healthy diet can improve our overall health and reduce the risk of developing diabetes as we age. Consistent preventive care with a primary care physician and regularly scheduled lab work including A1C levels are important steps in achieving and maintaining optimal health.